Testosterone cypionate (brand name Depo-Testosterone) is a long-acting, injectable form of testosterone used for hormone replacement therapy in males with confirmed low testosterone levels, a condition known as hypogonadism. It is a controlled substance, and its medical use requires a prescription and clinical supervision.
How it works
Testosterone cypionate is a testosterone ester, meaning a chemical compound (the cypionate ester) is attached to the testosterone molecule. This modification allows the hormone to be released slowly into the bloodstream from the injection site, providing a more stable and longer-lasting effect than unmodified testosterone. The body’s enzymes then detach the ester to release the active testosterone.
Medical uses
Testosterone cypionate is approved by the FDA for treating males with a deficiency or absence of endogenous (naturally produced) testosterone. Conditions treated include:
- Primary hypogonadism: Caused by testicular failure.
- Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: Caused by a problem with the brain’s hypothalamus or pituitary gland, which regulate hormone production.
It can also be prescribed off-label for other conditions, such as for transgender men undergoing hormone replacement therapy.
Benefits of treatment
For individuals with low testosterone, therapy with testosterone cypionate can provide a range of benefits:
- Increased muscle mass and strength
- Enhanced sexual desire (libido) and function
- Higher energy levels and reduced fatigue
- Improved mood and mental clarity
- Increased bone density
Administration and dosage
- Administration: It is administered as an intramuscular (IM) injection, typically into the buttock muscle. A doctor can teach patients to perform self-injections at home.
- Dosage: The dosage varies by age, diagnosis, and individual response. A typical range is 50 to 400 milligrams injected every two to four weeks.
- Monitoring: To ensure safe and effective treatment, your doctor will regularly monitor your blood testosterone and cholesterol levels, as well as your prostate health.
Common side effects
- Acne
- Pain and swelling at the injection site
- Breast enlargement (gynecomastia)
- Mood changes
- Changes in sex drive
- Fluid retention (edema)
- Headaches
Serious side effects and risks
- Cardiovascular events: Some studies have shown an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and other heart-related problems with testosterone therapy.
- Blood clots: There is a risk of developing dangerous blood clots in the legs or lungs.
- Liver problems: High, long-term doses may increase the risk of liver damage or liver cancer.
- Prostate issues: Use is not recommended for males with known or suspected prostate cancer, and older males are at higher risk for an enlarged prostate.
- Mental health: Changes in mood, including increased irritability or aggression, can occur. Misuse can increase the risk of serious psychiatric effects.
- Abuse potential: Testosterone cypionate is a controlled substance with a potential for misuse and addiction, particularly when taken at higher-than-prescribed doses.
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